Editing Koopa Shell

{{item infobox
|image=[[File:GreenShell - MarioPartyStarRush.png|200px]]
|first_appearance=''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' ([[List of games by date#1985|1985]])
|latest_appearance= ''[[Super Mario RPG (Nintendo Switch)|Super Mario RPG]]'' ([[Nintendo Switch]]) ([[List of games by date#2023|2023]])
}}
'''Koopa Shells''' (alternatively '''Koopa shells'''), also known as '''Koopa Troopa Shells''' (alternatively '''Koopa Troopa shells''') or simply '''shells''', are the shells of [[Koopa Troopa]]s that appear as items in many [[list of games|games]] in the [[Super Mario (franchise)|''Super Mario'' franchise]]. Regardless of whether or not the Koopa Troopa is still inside the Koopa Shell, the shell can be [[kick]]ed, carried, or [[Shell Toss|thrown]] around, which can defeat enemies and destroy certain obstacles. However, Koopa Shells generally do not lose speed when rebounding. Similar behavior is given to shells of other [[Koopa (species)|Koopa clan]] species, such as [[Buzzy Shell]]s, [[Spiny Shell]]s, and [[Bowser's Shell]].

In many games, Koopa Shells appear in different colors, most commonly [[Green Shell|green]] and [[Red Shell|red]]. In a few games, notably in the ''[[Mario Kart (series)|Mario Kart]]'' series, the different colors have different properties.
==History==
===''Super Mario'' series===
====''Super Mario Bros.'' / ''Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels''====
{{multiframe|[[File:SMB Greenshell.png]][[File:SMB Redshell.png]]}}
Koopa Shells first appear in ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'', reappearing in ''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]''. After a Koopa Troopa is hit by a jump attack, it will retreat into its shell, leaving it for [[Mario]] to use. Upon contact, the shell is launched, defeating every enemy in its way. However, this can also backfire when the shell rebounds from any obstacle. A shell in motion can be stopped by stomping on it. The Koopa Troopa will stay in the shell for only a limited amount of time. After a while, the Koopa Troopa will get out of its shell and resume its business. Koopa shells can only be destroyed by a fireball shot by Fire Mario or being hit by Invincible Mario. The green-colored shells appear teal underground and in castles and gray underwater, as is the case with all other green objects in the game, while the red ones have a consistent coloration throughout.

====''Super Mario Bros. 2''====
[[File:Red Shell SMB2 Sprite.png|frame|left]]
'''Turtle Shells''',<ref>{{cite|title=''Nintendo Power'' Volume 1|date=July/August 1988|page=9|publisher=Nintendo of America}}</ref> also named '''shells'''<ref>{{cite|''Super Mario All-Stars'' instruction booklet|page=20|language=American English|date=1993|publisher=Nintendo of America}}</ref> or '''Koopa Shells''',<ref>{{cite|title=''NES Game Atlas'' Nintendo Player's Guide|date=1991|publisher=Nintendo of America|page=12}}</ref> reappear in ''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'', where they are always red and replace the big-lipped black head-like objects known as "Big Face" (ビッグフェイス<ref>{{cite|title=''Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic'' instruction booklet|publisher=Nintendo|page=24|date=1987}}</ref>) from ''[[Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]''. They are plucked from the [[grass]] and can be thrown - the Shell will slide forward, defeating most enemies it hits, until it makes contact with a wall and disappears. With some difficulty, it is possible to actually get on top of the shells and ride them. These shells cannot hurt Mario and his gang in this game.

In ''[[Super Mario Advance]]'', Shells function more akin to how they do in standard Mario games, as they now rebound off walls instead of disappearing and can now hurt the player if they touch the shell's sides. A [[heart]] also appears for each enemy it defeats. It is also larger and so takes extra time to pluck it out of the ground.

====''Super Mario Bros. 3''====
{{multiframe|[[File:Green Koopa Shell SMB3.gif]][[File:Red shell smb3.gif]]<br>[[File:Giant Green Shell SMB3 sprite.png]][[File:Giant Red Shell SMB3 sprite.png]]}}
Koopa Shells return in ''[[Super Mario Bros. 3]]'' and serve the same purpose as in the first game. The Shells can now also be grabbed and carried around before they are thrown. They can be used to hit blocks on their sides. Giant sized Koopa Shells also appear in [[Giant Land|World 4]].

====''Super Mario World''====
Koopa Shells appear in ''[[Super Mario World]]''. However, instead of the Koopa Troopa retracting back into its shell when attacked from above, it will slide out of its shell, becoming a [[Unshelled Koopa Troopa|Koopa without a Shell]]. If the Koopa without a Shell finds its shell again, it will go back inside it. Attacking them from the side and underneath, however, keeps them in the shell, in addition to flipping them upside-down, but they leave when they come to rather than keeping them on. This is the first game where the different shell colors have different behaviors independent of the Koopa Troopa itself; in this case, it changes how [[Yoshi]] reacts to eating them:
*[[Green Shell]]s do not give [[Yoshi (species)|Yoshis]] who eat them any additional abilities, unlike the other shells.
*[[Red Shell]]s allow Yoshis to breathe a single blast of horizontally moving fireballs.
*[[Yellow Shell]]s cause the Yoshi to make [[sand cloud]]s whenever it lands.
*[[Blue Shell]]s turn the Yoshi into a [[Winged Yoshi]] for a brief period.
Additionally, a Yoshi of colors other than green will be given the respective-colored shell's powers in addition to the kind the Yoshi eats.

A [[Shell (flashing)|flashing Shell]] is formed by a yellow Koopa without a Shell finding an unoccupied shell, causing it to invincibly pursue Mario while rapidly changing color. If a Yoshi eats this kind of shell, they get all the powers at once.

Once [[Fall]] is unlocked by beating [[Funky (level)|Funky]] in the original game, or by [[Completion|clearing all 96 exits]] in ''[[Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2]]'', all Koopa Shells become Mario masks but otherwise function the same; many instances of Green and Red Shells and Koopa Troopas are also replaced with Yellow and Blue Shells and Mask Koopas, respectively though green and red variants of each can still be found.

====''Super Mario Land 2: Six Golden Coins''====
In ''[[Super Mario Land 2: Six Golden Coins]]'' Koopa Shells act as they do in the original ''Super Mario Bros.'', though they are slightly smaller.

====''Super Mario 64'' / ''Super Mario 64 DS''====
[[File:Flaming Silver Stars.png|thumb|left|Luigi riding on a Koopa Shell in ''Super Mario 64 DS'']]
Koopa Shells,<ref>''Super Mario 64'' English instruction booklet, page 18.</ref> also referred to as '''shiny shells''' (or '''Shiny Shells'''),<ref>{{cite|author=Pelland, Scott; Owsen, Dan|title=''Super Mario 64'' Player's Guide|date=1996|page=8|language=American English|publisher=Nintendo of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite|date=February 24, 1998|archive=web.archive.org/web/19980224194049/http://www.nintendo.com/n64/super_mario64/items.html|title=Items {{!}} ''Nintendo: Super Mario 64 Strategy''|accessdate=February 23, 2018|publisher=Nintendo.com|language=American English}}</ref> are rare objects in ''[[Super Mario 64]]''. They only appear in green and can be obtained by hitting some [[! Block|yellow block]]s or attacking a [[Koopa Troopa]] to get it out of its shell. When Mario [[jump]]s on a Koopa Shell, he can travel at fast speed and ram into enemies to defeat them instantly. Riding a shell also allows Mario to navigate over [[lava]] or water. Additionally, if Mario grabs a Koopa Shell while underwater, he can hold the shell in front of him and use it to [[swim]] faster in water for a short period of time. When he rides on a Koopa Shell, the theme that plays is the one used for the [[Wing Cap]] and [[Vanish Cap]]. [[List of Super Mario 64 pre-release and unused content|Unused]] alternate models for both green and red shells exist in the game's data.

Koopa Shells make a return in ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]]'', where they can be ridden on (and used underwater) once again. Additionally, they may appear behind some brick blocks as well. Yoshi can eat Koopa Shells and spit them out, although they disappear upon hitting a wall. Some [[minigame]]s found in ''Super Mario 64 DS'' require use of a Koopa Shell, such as [[Shuffle Shell]].

In the original version, when the player hits the yellow blocks for Koopa Shells, the boxes do not respawn, but shells do not disappear until Mario hitches a ride on one. In the DS version, [[! Block]]s have the ability to respawn and, unless they were stolen from Koopa Troopas, shells now disappear if not used for a while.
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====''New Super Mario Bros.''====
Koopa Shells return in ''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]'', in which they can be obtained after stomping on a Koopa Troopa. Just like in ''Super Mario Bros.'', the Koopa Troopa will retract into his shell so Mario can grab the shell and throw it then. Aside from the design change, the Koopa Shell had little change in its function. Performing a [[Ground Pound]] on a Koopa Troopa or Paratroopa will kick its shell forwards without having to pick it up. [[Blue Shell]]s also return in this game as power-ups that let Mario slide across levels like a kicked shell; in the single-player mode, these only appear from blocks, rarely, though they can be obtained from blue Koopa Troopas in the VS. mode.

In addition, [[Bowser Jr.]] throws green Koopa Shells during certain boss fights (specifically when his bandanna is on). The player must step on the Koopa Shell, pick it up, and throw it back at Bowser Jr. to stun him. Once stunned, the player can then attack Bowser Jr. by either jumping on him or Ground Pounding him.

====''Super Mario Galaxy''====
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy]]'' as an offensive weapon, using behavior based on the ''[[Mario Kart (series)|Mario Kart]]'' games. Many Koopa Shells in the game will be found independently (usually underwater), though occasionally they will still be attached to the back of a Koopa Troopa. The player must [[spin]] the Koopa Troopa or [[jump]] on its back to get it to retreat into its shell, after which it can be picked up and used normally. Unlike ''Super Mario 64'', Mario can only hold the Koopa Shell, not surf around on it. Mario can throw the shell by spinning in a straight direction until it hits another object. Koopa Shells can be used to break open [[Treasure Chest]]s and hit far-off enemies.

Like in ''Super Mario 64'', Green Shells can be found underwater. Underwater shells can be grabbed by Mario and allow him to swim faster. The shell can also be thrown at underwater creatures to defeat them. The shells also produce light underwater, so the player can destroy underwater Boos and point at enemies before throwing the shell. There are three colors of shells with different properties in this game:
*[[Green Shell]]s act as a straight-moving projectile when thrown and give a small speed boost in the water. They are also summoned as a weapon by [[Kamella]], where they bounce around the walls while sliding across the floor.
*[[Red Shell]]s home in on enemies when thrown and give a moderate speed boost in the water.
*[[Gold Shell]]s home in on enemies when thrown, can break open golden [[Treasure Chest]]s, and give a large speed boost in the water.
Additionally, [[Cosmic Mario]] gains a blue-colored shell when he grabs a Koopa Shell to swim underwater with.

====''New Super Mario Bros. Wii''====
Koopa Shells make an appearance in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. Wii]]''. They have the same function as in ''New Super Mario Bros.'', although there are a few differences. Ground Pounding a Koopa Troopa or shell now instantly defeats it rather than sending the shell careening, while holding the {{button|wii|1}}/{{button|wii|Z}} and shaking {{button|wii|Wiimote}} allows players to carry it over their head, which can then be thrown in the same way as holding and throwing it normally. If [[Ice Mario]] attacks a Koopa Troopa after stomping on it, the Koopa Troopa will remain frozen within his shell in an [[Ice Block]]. Mario can then use the Ice Block like a platform or lift it up to throw the block and destroy the shell. Also, larger green shells appear in [[World 5 (New Super Mario Bros. Wii)|World 5]]. Mario can enter these larger shells and find hidden items.

====''Super Mario Galaxy 2''====
[[File:SMG2 Slimy Spring Snoodle Cavern.png|thumb|Luigi near a Green Shell in the Slimy Spring Galaxy]]
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[Super Mario Galaxy 2]]'', with the same function as in the predecessor. However, in this game, only Green Shells appear, and Red Shells and Gold Shells do not. In this game, they are mostly found in galaxies such as the [[Cosmic Cove Galaxy]] and [[Slimy Spring Galaxy]].

====''Super Mario 3D Land''====
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[Super Mario 3D Land]]'' with the same function as in other games; however, only green-colored shells appear again, and characters can only kick shells and not throw them. If Mario or Luigi shoot [[fireball]]s or [[Tanooki Mario|tail whip]] a Koopa Shell, it bounces slightly and a jingle plays. If this is done five times without the Koopa Shell touching the ground, it breaks and produces a [[1-Up Mushroom]].

====''New Super Mario Bros. 2''====
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. 2]]'' with the same function as in the past ''New Super Mario Bros.'' installments. However, if Mario passes through a [[Gold Ring]], any Koopa Troopas in the area turn Golden, and so do [[Gold Shell|their shells]]. If thrown, they produce a trail of [[coin]]s behind them.

====''New Super Mario Bros. U''====
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[New Super Mario Bros. U]]'' with the same function as in the past installments. The giant shells from ''Super Mario Bros. 3'' also reappear, now able to bust straight through [[Brick Block]]s without needing to rebound.

====''Super Mario 3D World'' / ''Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury''====
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[Super Mario 3D World]]'', generally acting as they do in ''Super Mario 3D Land'', though a character must bounce one eight times rather than five to obtain a [[1-Up Mushroom]]. Similarly to ''[[Super Mario World]]'' and ''[[Super Mario 64]]'', jumping on a Koopa Troopa kicks it out of its shell, allowing a character to hold it. While carrying a shell and running, characters can enter it by [[crouch]]ing. In this state, they slide across the ground and the surface of water while moving, similarly to [[Shell Mario]], and most enemies they contact are defeated. Each character has a different shell color in this state: [[Mario]]'s shell becomes red, [[Toad]]'s shell becomes blue, [[Princess Peach|Peach]]'s shell becomes pink, [[Rosalina]]'s shell becomes cyan, and [[Luigi]]'s shell remains the same green color. After being in a Koopa Shell for a certain amount of time, characters automatically exit the shell and become dizzy. Characters can also climb into the shell while stationary; pressing the jump button in this state makes the shell jump and spin in place for the time the character is in the shell. If this occurs, the character cannot be forced out of the shell. Characters that touch the [[Goal Pole]] while moving in a Koopa Shell are rewarded with an [[extra life]].

In ''[[Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury]]'', Koopa Shells act near-identically to the original game, and identically across both campaigns. Hower, in contrast to the original game, Koopa Shells can no longer be occupied idly, as the shell always slides in the direction a character is facing when it is entered; the touch cursor can be used to stop them, though. In the ''Bowser's Fury'' campaign, [[Bowser Jr.]] can also use his [[magic brush]] to bounce a Koopa Shell, and bouncing it eight times produces a [[Lucky Bell]] rather than a 1-Up Mushroom, as lives are absent. [[Kitten]]s may also juggle a Koopa Shell automatically if they claw into it repeatedly against a wall. Some interactions can be observed exclusively in the ''Bowser's Fury'' campaign. Unlike in ''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]'', Koopa Shells can destroy [[Rock Block]]s if thrown. [[Seagull]]s fly away if a Koopa Shell is kicked or thrown near them. If a Koopa Shell is kicked or thrown onto the water surrounding an island of [[Lake Lapcat]], it will continue moving in the water until it is a certain distance away from Mario, upon which it becomes unloaded and stops moving until Mario comes close enough for it to be visible again. By riding [[Plessie]], the player can also deflect Koopa Shells that are moving on the water's surface. 
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====''Super Mario Maker'' / ''Super Mario Maker for Nintendo 3DS''====
In ''[[Super Mario Maker]]'', Koopa Shells appear in red and green across the game's styles. They mostly act as they do in the originals, but red ones no longer grant fire powers to Yoshi in the ''Super Mario World'' style.

====''Super Mario Odyssey''====
In ''[[Super Mario Odyssey]]'', Koopa Shells appear during 8-bit segments, acting as they do in the original ''Super Mario Bros.''

====''Super Mario Maker 2''====
In ''[[Super Mario Maker 2]]'', Koopa Shells act the same as they do in the predecessor. Unlike [[Buzzy Shell]]s and [[Spiny Shell (red)|Spiny Shell]]s, they cannot be used as a helmet. A [[Dry Bones Shell]] is introduced, functioning primarily as a lava raft.

====''Super Mario Bros. Wonder''====
In ''[[Super Mario Bros. Wonder]]'', Koopa Shells appear again and act as they do in ''New Super Mario Bros. Wii''. Yoshi can now carry them both in his mouth and in his arms.

===''Mario Kart'' series===
{{main|Green Shell|Red Shell|Black Shell}}
Throughout the ''[[Mario Kart (series)|Mario Kart]]'' series, Koopa Shells have appeared in different colors with different behaviors, but are always items that are used as projectile weapons.
*[[Green Shell]]s move in straight lines when thrown and ricochet off walls. [[Triple Green Shell]]s also appear starting with ''[[Mario Kart 64]]''.
*[[Red Shell]]s home in on opponents. [[Triple Red Shell]]s also appear starting with ''Mario Kart 64''.
*[[Black Shell]]s explode when they make contact with anything other than the ground. They only appear in ''[[Mario Kart Arcade GP]]'' and its successors alongside [[Triple Black Shell]]s.
Additionally, ''Mario Kart 64'' introduces a blue type of [[Spiny Shell (blue)|Spiny Shell]] that homes in on the leader, while ''[[Mario Kart: Double Dash]]'' introduces [[Bowser's Shell]] as a powered-up counterpart to Green Shells. Starting with ''[[Mario Kart DS]]'', the [[Shell Cup]] appears, using a Green Shell as its symbol.

===''Mario's Time Machine''===
Koopa Shells also appear in ''[[Mario's Time Machine]]'' for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]], appearing in yellow and red depending on the location. Getting hit by the shell simply stuns Mario temporarily, rather than damaging him.

===''Yoshi'' (NES)===
[[File:YoshiNES-RedShell-BType.png|frame|right]]
A red Koopa Shell makes a small appearance in the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] version of ''[[Yoshi (game)|Yoshi]]'' after the player clears level 4 of the B-Type game, rewarding the player 400 points.

===''Yoshi's Cookie''===
A green Koopa Shell appears as one of the cookies in ''[[Yoshi's Cookie]]'' when playing Rounds 11-99. Since there is only one per level, this makes for a more challenging experience as the only way to get rid of the Green Shell cookie is to pair it up with a Yoshi Cookie, which is further complicated by the placement of the other cookies.

===''Mario Bros.'' series===
====Battle Game (''Super Mario All-Stars'')====
In the ''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'' [[Battle Game (Super Mario All-Stars)|version of ''Mario Bros.'']], Koopa Shells appear from defeated Koopa Troopas and can be used to defeat the opposing player, unlike the shells of [[Shellcreeper]]s in the original game.

====''Mario Clash''====
In ''[[Mario Clash]]'', Koopa Shells are now the only way to defeat the various target enemies. They can be thrown to the sides, forward, or backward.

====''Mario Bros.'' (Game Boy Advance)====
[[File:YellowShellMarioBrosGBA.png|frame|left]]
Yellow-colored Koopa Shells appear in the [[Mario Bros. (Game Boy Advance)|Game Boy Advance version of ''Mario Bros.'']] included with the [[Super Mario Advance (series)|''Super Mario Advance'' series]] and ''[[Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga]]''. They are random items a player can find from within a [[Bin|garbage can]]. Once they are thrown, they slide across the ground, damaging any player or defeating any enemy they touch except for [[Bowser]]. When they collide with Bowser, they spin in place until Bowser walks through them. They can also slide into the bottom [[Warp Pipe]]s and will launch from the other Warp Pipe above. Standalone Koopa Shells are sometimes randomly launched from the Warp Pipes above.

===''Yoshi's Safari''===
In ''[[Yoshi's Safari]]'', green-colored Koopa Shells appear as common obstacles, bouncing back-and-forth across roadways until they are shot with the [[Super Scope]].

===''Yoshi's Island'' series===
In the [[Yoshi's Island (series)|''Yoshi's Island'' series]], Koopa Shells first appear in ''[[Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island]]'', where they can be carried by Yoshi, although Yoshi cannot swallow them due to them being hard and inedible. They hurt Yoshi when a sliding shell touches him. As with ''Super Mario World'', the Koopa is evicted from the shell when attacked. A boss, [[Hookbill the Koopa]], bounces around in his shell to attack. Koopa Shells keep their role in ''[[Yoshi's Island DS]]'' and ''[[Yoshi's New Island]]''.

===''Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars''===
[[File:Battle SMRPG Switch.png|thumb|left|Mario kicking the Koopa Shell in the [[Super Mario RPG (Nintendo Switch)|Switch remake]]]]
A Koopa Shell, mistranslated as the '''NokNok Shell''' in the original game, appears as a weapon usable by Mario in ''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]''. It has an attack power of 20 points, with a deviation of up to 2 points above or below. The Koopa Shell can be obtained from the [[Toad (species)|Mushroom]] man found at the bottom of the [[Midas River]] course after getting enough [[coin]]s in it. It can also be bought at [[Seaside Town]], though far more powerful weapons are available by then.

When attacking with the shell, Mario kicks it upwards and then kicks it again at a single enemy. To get a [[Action Command|Timed Hit]], the player needs to press the button as he is performing the second kick. More powerful counterparts are the [[Paratroopa Shell]] (from a [[Koopa Paratroopa]]) and the [[Lazy Shell]] (from a [[Big Troopa]]).

===''Super Smash Bros.'' series===
[[File:Green Shell Brawl artwork.png|thumb|A Green Shell in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]]'']]
Koopa Shells also appear in the [[Super Smash Bros. Series|''Super Smash Bros.'' series]]. Green and Red Shells appear as standalone items with behavior based on their appearance in the ''Mario Kart'' games, with green moving in straight lines and red following opponents. However, shells that actually come from attacked Koopa Troopas act as they do in the ''Super Mario'' platformers, with no distinction from color - aside from the one from the singular red [[Koopa Paratroopa]] in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' dealing fire damage.

===''Mario Tennis'' series===
Koopa Shells appear in green and red in ''[[Mario Tennis (Nintendo 64)|Mario Tennis]]'' for the [[Nintendo 64]], and ''[[Mario Power Tennis]]'' for the [[Nintendo GameCube]] and [[Wii]]. They can be used during an Item Battle match, and function the same as their ''Mario Kart'' counterparts, with green moving straight and red homing in. In ''[[Mario Tennis Open]]'', the Shell Cup appears using a Red Shell as a symbol, while two sets of [[Mii]] tennis gear appear based on each color.

===''Mario Party'' series===
Koopa Shells make sporadic appearances in the ''[[Mario Party (series)|Mario Party]]'' series, often as an obstacle or a design for a vehicle. In ''[[Mario Party]]'', they shuffle among each other in [[Shell Game (minigame)|Shell Game]]. In ''[[Mario Party 3]]'', they appear the minigame [[Ridiculous Relay]], where first player in the group rows it using an oar. In ''[[Mario Party Advance]]'', they appear in various colors and speeds in the minigame [[Shell Stack]]. In ''[[Mario Party 9]]'', [[Koopa Troopa]] retreats into his shell in his last-place animation following a minigame or losing a board in Solo Mode, a shell is one of the puzzles in [[Jigsaw Jumble]], and shells appear in the [[Goomba Bowling]] minigame, where players must throw them at the [[Goomba]]s; this minigame returns in ''[[Mario Party: The Top 100]]''. In ''[[Mario Party: Island Tour]]'', [[Setback Shell]]s are usable items on [[Perilous Palace Path]] that, when used, automatically send an opponent back two spaces.

===''Paper Mario'' series===
====''Paper Mario''====
In ''[[Paper Mario]]'', Koopa Troopas of various types use their shells to attack, using them to charge a spinning tackle. This is seen in the Koopa Troopa (red), [[Dark Koopa]] (purple), and [[Koopatrol]] (black and spiked) enemies, Mario's partner [[Kooper]] (blue), the [[Koopa Bros.]] (green, yellow, black, and red), and [[Kent C. Koopa]] (red). Koops is able to use his shell to reach far items and switches in addition to attacking enemies.

When Mario first enters [[Koopa Village]], he finds that [[Fuzzy|Fuzzies]] have stolen most of the green Koopa Troopas' shells. He is able to get them all back, but Kooper's is the only one that is required as the others will get their back off-screen if he ignores them.

====''Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door''====
In ''[[Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door]]'', Koopa Shells are again used as the Koopa Troopa family's primary attack, being used by Koopa Troopas (red), [[KP Koopa]]s (yellow), [[Shady Koopa]]s (cyan), Dark Koopas (purple), Mario's partner [[Koops]] (green), and his girlfriend [[Koopie Koo]] (green). Koops is able to use his shell much like Kooper, but is also able to hold it in place while spinning for several moments, even while in the air. [[Koopley]]'s shell was able to withstand being digested in [[Hooktail]]'s belly for years. An item called the [[Courage Shell]] also appears, resembling a rocky Koopa Shell; it boosts Mario's Defense.

====''Super Paper Mario''====
In ''[[Super Paper Mario]]'', Koopa Shells appear in red and green from enemies, acting as they do in the ''Super Mario'' sidescrollers. [[Dark Koopa Troopa]]s have solid black shells. The [[Koopa Striker]] family have [[Soccer Ball]]-patterned shells, which they both retract into when attacked, and summon an infinite amount of empty ones to kick at Mario and company. In addition to the Courage Shell returning, there is an item called [[Shell Shock (item)|Shell Shock]], which is a giant 8-bit green Koopa Shell (appearing in its design from ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'') which can be used to attack enemies the same way as a Green Shell would. However, the Shell Shock can still hit the heroes and cause damage.

====''Paper Mario: Sticker Star''====
In ''[[Paper Mario: Sticker Star]]'', Shells appear as [[Shell (sticker)|stickers]]. By using the sticker, Mario summons a green Koopa Troopa, which he jumps on to send into its shell; he then kicks the shell into all ground enemies. The stronger [[Shiny Shell]] sticker summons a red Koopa Troopa to use its shell; however, the even stronger [[Flashy Shell]] instead summons a [[Buzzy Beetle]] for [[Buzzy Shell|its shell]].

====''Paper Mario: The Origami King''====
In ''[[Paper Mario: The Origami King]]'', in the [[Earth Vellumental Temple]], green Koopa Shells appear in battle. If Mario jumps on one, it gets launched forward, damaging the rest of the enemies in that row.

===''Mario & Luigi'' series===
====''Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga'' / ''Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions''====
In both ''[[Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga]]'' and ''[[Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions]]'', Koopa Shells appear when counterattacking a [[Troopea]], [[Elite Troopea]], or [[Elite Dry Bones]] without defeating it. The shell bounces back into another enemy, if any are present, and then moves to the other brother. By jumping on the shell each time it approaches, they can make it repeatedly bounce into enemies for even more damage.

In the remake's ''Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser'' mode, Koopa Troopas often use moves involving spinning in their shells.

====''Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time''====
In ''[[Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time]]'', both [[Green Shell]]s and [[Red Shell]]s appear as [[Bros. Item]]s. They function similarly to the shell counterattacks from the previous game, but now must simply be kicked rather than jumped on. Additionally, when [[Kylie Koopa]] is ejected from inside [[Yoob]], she careens around the room spinning in her pink shell for several moments as a nod to shell behavior in the platforming games.

====''Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story'' / ''Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey''====
In ''[[Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story]]'' and ''[[Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey]]'', Green Shells return as the sole shell-based [[Bros. Attack]], while the [[Blue Shell]] from ''New Super Mario Bros.'' as an overworld power-up for Mario to solve puzzles with. Additionally, one of [[Bowser]]'s [[Brawl Attack]]s, [[Koopa Corps]], involves knocking several Koopa Troopas in their shells into enemies by using Bowser's own [[Bowser's Shell|shell]] as a ''{{wp|Pong}}''-style bumper. During the final battle against [[Dark Bowser]], his dark versions of Bowser's Minions include dark colored Koopa Troopas that spin in their shells towards Bowser, and can be punched back through the lines of following enemies.

In the remake's ''Bowser Jr.'s Journey'' mode, Koopa Troopas again use moves involving spinning in their shells.

====''Mario & Luigi: Dream Team''====
In ''[[Mario & Luigi: Dream Team]]'', the [[Green Shell|3D Green Shell]] and [[Red Shell|3D Red Shell]] appear as Bros. Attacks. During the final battle against [[Dreamy Bowser]], the [[Dreamy Paratroopa]]s he summons roll into their shells when the minions attack, and can be knocked back through the swarming other enemies if jumped on.

====''Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam''====
In ''[[Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam]]'', 3D Red Shell returns as a Bros. Attack, while Koopa Troopas use their shells to attack. If the shell is jumped on during their circular attack, it is sent into another enemy. If it is hammered during their linear attack, the Koopa Troopa inside is knocked out; hitting the shell again quickly can knock it into the stunned Koopa Troopa repeatedly, with the shell returning to the brother slowly. After enough time passes or the shell hits the brother, it is sent flying away while the Koopa Troopa frantically chases it down.

===''Super Princess Peach''===
Koopa Shells also appear in ''[[Super Princess Peach]]''. They can be obtained by knocking Koopas out of their shells, allowing Peach to throw it to attack enemies. Every consecutive enemy Peach hits with the shell can leave coins and [[Five Coin]]s in their wake.

===''Mario Strikers'' series===
Koopa Shells appear as offensive power-ups in the ''[[Super Mario Strikers]]'' and ''[[Mario Strikers Charged]]''. In these games, they are normally collected in groups of three, but occasionally appear at a massive size. They come in three colors, with Green Shells moving in straight lines and rebounding off walls, Red Shells homing in on targets, and Blue Shells acting like Green Shells but having an icy effect. [[Spiny Shell (red)|Spiny Shell]]s also appear with a similar role, being a more durable counterpart to the Green Shells.

===''Mario & Sonic'' series===
{{main|Green Shell|Red Shell}}
In the ''[[Mario & Sonic (series)|Mario & Sonic]]'' series, Koopa Shells appear in green and red in various events. Like in the ''Mario Kart'' games, green ones move in straight lines and bounce off walls, while red ones home in on opponents. In the [[Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games (Nintendo 3DS)|Nintendo 3DS version of ''Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games'']], both colors appear on a [[List of badges in Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games (Nintendo 3DS)|badge]] that can be obtained from the badge machine.

===''Mario Super Sluggers''===
In ''[[Mario Super Sluggers]]'', only Green Shells appear, acting as they do in the ''Mario Kart'' games.

===''Mario Sports Mix''===
In ''[[Mario Sports Mix]]'', Koopa Shells appear in green and red again, with Green Shells bouncing off walls in straight lines and Red Shells pursuing opponents.

===''Dr. Mario World''===
[[File:DrMarioWorld - Stage9.jpg|thumb|150px|A yellow Koopa Shell in ''[[Dr. Mario World]]'']]
Koopa Shells reappear in ''[[Dr. Mario World]]'' in various colors, appearing as stage items in the game. They clear a row when they are matched with the corresponding [[capsule]]s. Some can be trapped in ice, which require two clearings to be able to use them. Several doctors have skills revolving turning objects into shells, namely [[Baby Luigi|Dr. Baby Luigi]] and [[Nabbit|Dr. Nabbit]], while the assistants that can turn objects into shells are [[Paragoomba]], [[Para-Beetle]], [[Buzzy Beetle]], [[Boomerang Bro]], and [[Urchin]].

===''The Super Mario Bros. Movie''===
In ''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]'', Koopa Shells appear when the Koopa troops are preparing to attack the [[Penguin]]s in the opening. Later, empty Green Shells are used as weapons at [[Rainbow Road]], while a [[Spiny Shell (blue)|Blue Shell]] with spikes and wings is used by the [[Koopa General]] (rather than the standard [[Spiny|Spinies]]).

===Other appearances and references===
[[File:Green Shells in TLoZ Phantom Hourglass.png|thumb|left|[[Link]] fighting three Terrorpins]]
A Koopa Shell is one of the collectible treasures that [[Kirby]] can find in "The Great Cave Offensive" mode of the games ''[[Wikirby:Kirby Super Star|Kirby Super Star]]'' and ''[[Wikirby:Kirby Super Star Ultra|Kirby Super Star Ultra]]''. The Koopa Shell is found in the Old Tower Area of the Great Cave, and is worth 800 Gold. It is referred to as the "Turtle Shell" in ''Kirby Super Star'', but correctly called the "Koopa Shell" in ''Kirby Super Star Ultra''.

In the ''[[nookipedia:Animal Crossing (series)|Animal Crossing]]'' series, Green Shells appear as furniture items. They originally use their ''Super Mario Bros.'' appearance, though they use their modern appearance in ''[[nookipedia:Animal Crossing: New Leaf|Animal Crossing: New Leaf]]''; the latter game also includes Triple Red Shells with the same role.

[[zeldawiki:Terrorpin|Terrorpin]]s, an enemy from the [[zeldawiki:The Legend of Zelda (Series)|''The Legend of Zelda'']] series, appear in [[zeldawiki:The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass|''The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass'']] with a riveted cyan Koopa Shell-like design, appearing as enemies in [[zeldawiki:Mutoh's Temple|Mutoh's Temple]]. They can only be defeated by using the Hammer near them and flipping them over.

In [[Super Mario Chess|''Super Mario'' Chess]], green Koopa Shells appear as pawns on Bowser's team.

If the [[? Block|Question Block]] AR Card is used in the Fishing minigame included as part of the [[AR Games]] software on the [[Nintendo 3DS]], and the card is placed on a green surface, green Koopa Shells will rain down upon the water. The shells can also be caught by the player.

In ''[[Monopoly Gamer]]'', there is a Green and Red Shells appear on different faces of the Power-Up Die.

In ''[[Minecraft]]'', Turtle Shells are changed to resemble Green Shells in the Super Mario Mash-up.
{{br}}

==Profiles==
===''Super Mario'' series===
====''Super Mario Bros. 2''====
*'''Wii Virtual Console manual bio:''' ''Throw these at your enemies.''
{{Multilang profile
|type=vc_3ds
|EngE=Throw these and they will slide across the ground, defeating any enemies they come into contact with.
|FreE=Elles glissent sur le sol quand vous les lancez et terrassent vos ennemis sur leur passage.
|Ger=Wenn du diese Items wirfst, rutschen sie über den Boden und schalten alle Gegner aus, die sie berühren.
|Ita=Lancialo e sfreccerà sulla superficie, eliminando tutti i nemici con cui entra in contatto.
|SpaE=Tíralos y se deslizarán por el suelo, llevándose por delante a todos los enemigos que encuentren.
}}

====''Super Mario Maker''====
*'''[[Play Nintendo]]:''' ''Many creative course designers have made elaborate set-ups where Mario races a shell along a parallel path to the finish.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151214212538/https://play.nintendo.com/news-tips/tips-tricks/how-to-use-shells-super-mario-maker/ How to Use Shells in Super Mario Maker]. ''Play Nintendo''. Archived from the [https://play.nintendo.com/news-tips/tips-tricks/how-to-use-shells-super-mario-maker/ original] on December 14, 2015 at 21:25:38 UTC via Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 16, 2020.</ref>

===''Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook – [[Yoshi (game)|Yoshi's Egg]]''===
緑<br>
食用としてはいまひとつ栄 養価に欠けるこうらがこれ。 カルシウムばかりで食べて もたいして元気が出ない。 だが消化によく、ビールの 友、お茶うけとして人気だ。<ref name=Sho>{{cite|language=Japanese|publisher=Shogakukan|title=「任天堂公式ガイドブック　ヨッシーのたまご」 (''Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook – Yoshi's Egg'')|page=[[:File:Yoshi no Tamago Shogakukan 61.jpg|61]]}}</ref>

'''''Green'''''<br>
''This shell lacks nutritional value as food. Even if eaten just for calcium, it doesn't seem very healthy. But it's good for digestion, and popular as a beer mug or tea snack.''

赤<br>
スパイスのたっぷり入った 辛口のこうらがこれだ。元 来草食であるヨッシーいわく「火がでるほど辛くてうみゃ一でよ（名古屋弁風）」。なお、八ヤシはない。<ref name=Sho/>

'''''Red'''''<br>
''This is a dry shell full of spice. As the primarily herbivorous Yoshi says, "It's spicy enough to make you spit fire (Nagoya dialect)." Still, that's no embellishment.''

黄<br>
ちゃんこ鍋の味がする変わり種のこうら。関取エキスを多置に含んでいるので、これを食べるとあら不思議、体重が増える。つまり黄色ヨッシーの技が使えるのだ。<ref name=Sho/>

'''''Yellow'''''<br>
''A strange kind of shell that tastes like chankonabe. It contains a large amount of sekitori extract, so if you eat this wonder, you'll gain weight. That is, you can use the yellow-colored Yoshi's skill.''

青<br>
気分爽快ミント味のこうら。のどにさわやかで、八ーブの香りがする。大都会の雑踏などでこのこうらを食べると、あまりの爽快さに空をも飛んでしまうという。<ref name=Sho/>

'''''Blue'''''<br>
''A fresh-feeling, mint-filled shell. It's refreshing in the throat, and has a herbal scent. It is said that if you eat this shell in a big city crowd, you'll fly in the sky from the sheer exhilaration.''

==Gallery==
{{main-gallery}}
<gallery>
SMBLL Green Koopa In Shell Artwork.jpg|''[[Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels]]''
SMAS SMB2 Red Shell Artwork.png|''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'' (''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'')
SMRPG NokNokShell.png|''[[Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars]]''
Koopa Shell 64.jpg|''[[Super Mario 64]]''
ShellNSMB.png|''[[New Super Mario Bros.]]''
TSMBM Red Shell.png|''[[The Super Mario Bros. Movie]]''
</gallery>

==Media==
{{media table
|file1=SM64-Wing Cap.oga
|title1=Powerful Mario
|description1=Koopa Shell's theme from ''[[Super Mario 64]]'' and ''[[Super Mario 64 DS]]''
|length1=0:28
}}

==Names in other languages==
{{foreign names
|Jap=こうら<ref>{{cite|title=''Super Mario USA'' instruction booklet|language=Japanese|publisher=Nintendo|page=20}}</ref> / {{hover|甲|こう}}ら<ref>''Super Mario Collection'' instruction booklet</ref>{{page needed}}
|JapR=Kōra
|JapM=Shell
|Jap2=ノコノコこうら
|Jap2R=Nokonoko Kōra
|Jap2M=Koopa Troopa Shell
|Jap3=カメのこうら<ref>{{cite|title=''Sūpā Mario Rokujūyon'' instruction booklet|date=1996|language=Japanese|publisher=Nintendo|page=18}}</ref>
|Jap3R=Kame no Kōra
|Jap3M=Turtle Shell
|Jap4=ノコノコのこうら<ref>{{cite|language=Japanese|publisher=Shogakukan|date=2015|title=''Super Mario Bros. Hyakka: Nintendo Kōshiki Guidebook''|page=61}}</ref>
|Jap4R=Nokonoko no Kōra
|Jap4M=Koopa Troopa Shell
|Chi=龟壳<ref>https://www.ique.com/games/Mariobros/newmario.htm</ref>
|ChiR=Guīké
|ChiM=Shell
|ChiS=慢慢龟龟壳 
|ChiSR=Mànman Guī Guī Ké
|ChiSM=Koopa shell
|ChiT=慢慢龜龜殼
|ChiTR=Mànman Guī Guī Ké
|ChiTM=Koopa shell
|Dut=Koopa-schild
|DutM=Koopa shell
|Fre=Carapace
|FreM=Shell
|Fre2=Carapace de Koopa
|Fre2M=Koopa shell
|Fre3=Coquillage <small>(''Super Mario Bros. 3'')</small><ref>''Super Mario Bros. 3'' Dutch and French Instruction booklet, [http://www.oldiesrising.com/noticespdfV2/Nintendo%20Nes/Super%20Mario%20Bros%203.pdf page 13].</ref>
|Fre3M=Seashell
|Fre4=Coquille <small>(''Super Mario All-Stars'' instruction booklet)</small>
|Fre4M=Shell (of nuts, eggs, or molluscs)
|Ger=Koopa Panzer
|GerM=Koopa shell
|Ita=Guscio di tartaruga<ref>''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'' Italian manual, pag. 18</ref>
|Ita2=Conchiglia Koopa<ref>''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'' Italian manual (''Super Mario Bros.'' section), pag. 10</ref>
|Ita3=Conchiglia<ref>''[[Super Mario All-Stars]]'' Italian manual (''Super Mario Bros. 2'' section), pag. 20</ref><ref>''[[Super Mario Advance]]'' European manual, pag. 110</ref>
|Ita4=Guscio<ref>''[[Super Mario All-Stars Limited Edition]]'' Italian manual, pag. 32</ref><ref>''[[Super Mario Bros. 2]]'' (3DS - [[Virtual Console]]) Italian e-manual, pag. 10</ref><ref>''[[Super Mario Bros. Encyclopedia|Super Mario Bros. Enciclopedia]]'', pag. 70</ref>
|Ita5=Guscio di Koopa
|ItaM=Turtle shell
|Ita2M=Shell
|Ita3M=Koopa shell
|Ita4M=Shell
|Ita5M=Koopa shell
|Kor=엉금엉금등껍질
|KorR=Eong-geum-eong-geum Deungkkeobjil
|KorM=Koopa Shell
|Rom=Carapace Koopa <small>({{media link|McDonaldsRomania2017Banner.jpg|McDonald's Romania 2017 promotion}})
|RomM=Koopa Shell
|Spa=Carapazón Koopa
|SpaM=Koopa Shell
}}

==References==
<references/>

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{{NSMB}}
{{SMG}}
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{{NSMB2}}
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[[Category:Shells]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]
[[Category:Clothing]]
[[Category:Sports equipment]]
[[Category:Bowser's Fury objects]]
[[Category:LEGO Super Mario objects]]
[[Category:Mario Bros.]]
[[Category:Super Mario 3D Land objects]]
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[[Category:Super Mario Galaxy 2 objects]]
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[[Category:Yoshi's Island DS objects]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Island: Super Mario Advance 3]]
[[Category:Yoshi's Safari enemies]]